A lens’s nodal point refers to one of two key points within an optical system that helps define how light rays pass through the lens without deviation in direction. In simpler terms, they are points where incoming light rays appear to pivot or pass through unchanged in angular direction.

Understanding the Nodal Points:

Two Nodal Points–In a complex lens system (such as a camera lens), there are typically two nodal points: the front nodal point and the rear nodal point.
Light Behavior–When a light ray enters the front nodal point at a certain angle, it appears to exit the rear nodal point at the same angle, as if the space between them was empty.
The optical center of the lens is often mistaken for the nodal points. However, in multi-element lenses, the nodal points may be located outside the physical body of the lens because of the arrangement of optical elements.

Importance in Photography & Panoramic Imaging • Panoramic Photography: When stitching multiple images together, rotating the camera around the rear nodal point (sometimes referred to as the no-parallax point) helps prevent parallax errors, where foreground and background objects shift relative to each other. • Architectural Photography: Keeping the nodal point fixed ensures minimal distortion, especially when dealing with wide-angle or tilt-shift lenses. • 3D Imaging & Mapping: Nodal points help in precise image alignment and depth mapping.